Social support, job satisfaction and mental health: multiple moderation analysis in a population-based sample of nurses
Keywords:
job satisfaction, mental health, nurse, occupational health, social support
Abstract
Introduction. Job satisfaction is a factor dependent on personal, organizational, and environmental conditions. Among the various tools available to professionals to increase satisfaction, forms of social support could be considered essential. Their influence can have an impact on mental health status, acting as a protective factor between mental health and job dissatisfaction. The aim was to analyze the possible moderating effect of different forms of social support between job satisfaction and different expressions of mental health in hospital nurses.
Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional population-based study was carried out from the 2017 National Health Survey on hospital nurses. Sociodemographic variables, level of job satisfaction, forms of social support, and expressions of mental health were collected. Statistical analysis included the usual descriptive variables and Spearman's Rho correlation. The multivariate analysis consisted of multiple moderation analyses using the SPSS PROCESS 4.0 macro.
Results. 80 workers met the eligibility criteria. Significant correlations were found between job satisfaction and two forms of social support and eight expressions of mental health. Significant moderating variables were receiving visitors (for sleep problems and feeling overwhelmed and stressed) and receiving recognition for doing the job well (for feeling overwhelmed and stressed), the latter being trended.
Conclusions. Receiving visits from friends and family (and possibly receiving recognition for doing the job well), moderates the relationship between job satisfaction and constantly feeling overwhelmed and stressed. Also between job satisfaction and losing a lot of sleep due to worries.
References
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26. Chan XW, Kalliath P, Chan C, Kalliath T. How does family support facilitate job satisfaction? Investigating the chain mediating effects of work–family enrichment and job-related well-being. Stress Heal. 2020 Feb 1;36(1):97–104. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smi.2918
2. Sodeify R, Habibpour Z. Nurses’ perceptions of co-worker support in the workplace: Qualitative research. Enfermería Clínica (English Ed [Internet]. 2021;31(6):355–62. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcle.2020.04.003
3. Liu D, Yang X, Zhang C, Zhang W, Tang Q, Xie Y, et al. Impact of Job Satisfaction and Social Support on Job Performance Among Primary Care Providers in Northeast China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Public Heal [Internet]. 2022 Jun 21 [cited 2022 Jul 12];10:884955. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35801248
4. Platis C, Reklitis P, Zimeras S. Relation between Job Satisfaction and Job Performance in Healthcare Services. Procedia - Soc Behav Sci [Internet]. 2015;175:480–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.1226
5. Mattos AIS, de Araújo TM, de Almeida MMG. Interaction between demand-control and social support in the occurrence of common mental disorders. Rev Saude Publica. 2017;51(48):1–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1518-8787.2017051006446
6. Andersen LL, Fishwick D, Robinson E, Wiezer NM, Mockałło Z, Grosjean V. Job satisfaction is more than a fruit basket, health checks and free exercise: Cross-sectional study among 10,000 wage earners. Scand J Public Health [Internet]. 2017;45(5):476–84. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1403494817698891
7. Espinoza-Calle CA, Mesa-Cano IC, Ramírez-Coronel AA, Martínez-Suárez PC. Estrés laboral durante la emergencia sanitaria por covid-19 en los profesionales de enfermería y medicina: revisión sistemática. Pro Sci Rev Prod Ciencias e Investig. 2021;5(40):382–95. Available from: https://doi.org/10.29018/issn.2588-1000vol5iss40.2021pp382-395
8. Ministerio de Sanidad Consumo y Bienestar Social. Encuesta Nacional de Salud de España 2017. 2018. p. 474.
9. Ministerio de Sanidad Consumo y Bienestar Social. Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2017 ENSE 2017 Metodología. Encuesta Nac Salud [Internet]. 2017;64. Available from: https://www.ine.es/metodologia/t15/t153041917.pdf
10. Hayes AF, Rockwood NJ. Regression-based statistical mediation and moderation analysis in clinical research: Observations, recommendations, and implementation. Behav Res Ther [Internet]. 2017;98:39–57. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.11.001
11. Pujol-Cols LJ, Dabos GE. Satisfacción laboral: una revisión de la literatura acerca de sus principales determinantes. Estud Gerenciales [Internet]. 2018;34(146):3–18. Available from: https://doi.org/10.18046/j.estger.2018.146.2809
12. Infosalus. En España hay 5,6 enfermeras por cada 1.000 habitantes, aunque hay grandes diferencias entre CCAA [Internet]. Europa Press. 2021 [cited 2022 Jul 13]. Available from: https://www.infosalus.com/asistencia/noticia-espana-hay-56-enfermeras-cada-1000-habitantes-hay-grandes-diferencias-ccaa-20210326140746.html
13. Statista. Número de profesionales de la enfermería en el Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS) en España en 2017, por comunidad autónoma [Internet]. Statista Research Department. 2021 [cited 2022 Jul 13]. Available from: https://es.statista.com/estadisticas/1070778/numero-de-enfermeros-en-el-sns-por-region-en-espana/
14. Gutiérrez JJB, Arias-Herrera A. Síndrome de burnout en personal de enfermería: asociación con estresores del entorno hospitalario, Andalucía, España. Enfermería Univ. 2018;15(1). Available from: https://doi.org/10.22201/eneo.23958421e.2018.1.62903
15. Igartua JJ, Hayes AF. Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: Concepts, Computations, and Some Common Confusions. 2021;24(e49):1–23. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/spanish-journal-of-psychology/article/abs/mediation-moderation-and-conditional-process-analysis-concepts-computations-and-some-common-confusions/79C2B729BB79FD0BC9B8266F0298D09B
16. Orgambídez-Ramos A, Borrego-Alés Y. Social support and engagement as antecedents of job satisfaction in nursing staff. Enferm Glob. 2017;16(4):217–25. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.16.4.260771.
17. Polat Ş, Terzi B. Relationships between perceived support types and the job satisfaction levels of nurses. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2021 Jul 1;57(3):1202–11. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12675
18. Ruiz-Fernández MD, Ramos-Pichardo JD, Ibañez-Masero O, Sánchez-Ruiz MJ, Fernández-Leyva A, Ortega-Galán ÁM. Perceived health, perceived social support and professional quality of life in hospital emergency nurses. Int Emerg Nurs. 2021 Nov 1;59. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2021.101079
19. Patlán-Pérez J. ¿Qué es el estrés laboral y cómo medirlo? Rev Salud Uninorte [Internet]. 2019;35(1):1–27. Available from: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=81762945010
20. Quick JC, Henderson DF. Occupational stress: Preventing suffering, enhancing wellbeing. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016;13(5):1–11. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13050459
21. De-Pedro-Jiménez D, Meneses-Monroy A, de Diego-Cordero R, Hernández-Martín MM, Moreno-Pimentel AG, Romero-Saldaña M. Occupational and leisure-time physical activity related to job stress and job satisfaction: Correspondence analysis on a population-based study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(21):1–13. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111220
22. Wu F, Ren Z, Wang Q, He M, Xiong W, Ma G, et al. The relationship between job stress and job burnout: the mediating effects of perceived social support and job satisfaction. Psychol Heal Med. 2021;26(2):204–11. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2020.1778750
23. Voltmer E, Spahn C. Social support and physician’s health. Z Psychosom Med Psychother [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2022 Jul 20];55(1):51–69. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19353512/
24. Fu CY, Yang MS, Leung W, Liu YY, Huang HW, Wang RH. Associations of professional quality of life and social support with health in clinical nurses. J Nurs Manag [Internet]. 2018 Mar 1 [cited 2022 Jul 12];26(2):172–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28976030/
25. Nie G, Du J, Liu J, Yuan L, Ma Z. Job stress and suicidal ideation among Chinese clinicians: The moderating role of social support. J Gen Psychol [Internet]. 2020 Apr 2 [cited 2022 Jul 20];147(2):109–22. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31318662/
26. Chan XW, Kalliath P, Chan C, Kalliath T. How does family support facilitate job satisfaction? Investigating the chain mediating effects of work–family enrichment and job-related well-being. Stress Heal. 2020 Feb 1;36(1):97–104. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smi.2918
Published
2025-05-04
Section
Original Articles
